Lactate transport and metabolism in the human brain: implications for the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle hypothesis.

preference in human primary visual cortex (V1). Each line corresponds to a different voxel (a 2 2 2 mm cube of cortex) in V1; signals from each voxel were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Orientation preference was measured by showing human observers stimuli like the oriented grating shown in the background. The location of each line represents the location in the visual field encoded by a given voxel. The orientation of each line represents the preferred orientation, or tuning, of the voxel, and the size and color indicate the strength of tuning (thick red lines mean strong tuning; thin blue lines mean weak tuning). Voxels encoding each location in the visual field preferred orientations pointing towards the center of gaze. This systematic relationship between location and orientation preference can explain the success of multivariate decoding methods. For more information, see the article by Freeman et al. in this issue (pages 4792– 4804). i This Week in The Journal